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Aquaculture
Aquaculture is the farming of fish and shellfish in salt, brackish and/or freshwater.
Farming
Farming is the stocking, feeding and protecting of a species during the growing stages from the egg to harvest.
Bycatch
Bycatch is the fish or marine life that is caught incidentally during the fishing process.
Fishery
Fishery is the removal of a species from the aquatic environment
Fishery Management Council
The Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 as amended created the eight regional councils that are developing
Fishery Management plans in the federal waters of those regions.
Groundfish
These are the species that live on or near the bottom of the sea floor, such as flounder and cod.
Mangrove Areas
These are areas were trees can grow on saltwater. These areas are very common for fish to grow and live and are
very important to our coastlines to help protect from erosion.
Maximum Sustainable Yield
The maximum amount of fish that can be fished without depleting the species.
Mercury
Mercury is naturally occurring element in fish, but it can also be released into the environment by human activates,
such as mining.
Overfishing
Over fishing occurs when the rate of catch is greater than the rate to replenish itself through reproduction
Sustainable Fisheries Act 1996
This act requires cooperation among the regional Fishery Management Councils,
NOAA Fisheries, fishing participants, and Federal and State agencies to protect, conserves and enhance fish habitat.
CATCH METHODS
Dredging
Fisherman drag a heavy frame with an attached mesh bag (know as a dredge) along the sea bottom to catch bottom
dwelling shellfish. These species are scallops, clams and oysters just to name a few that burrow into the mud.
Some of these dredges have metal teeth that do what a rake would do. The mesh bag will catch the shellfish and
let the water, mud and sand go through.
Gillnetting
A large net that is suspended in the water at various heights anchored by floats, anchors or weights.
The net is large enough to let the head of the fish through but not the body. It is invisible to the fish and the
mesh size is determined what they are trying to catch. This is used to catch sardines and salmon for example.
Harpooning
The Lunging or shooting of a long aluminum or wooden harpoon into the species and hauled aboard. This
is a traditional style used only by skilled fisherman. This is for swordfish and tuna.
Hook And Line
This is pole and fishing line with on or more hook on it. To attack fish, hook and liners use
artificial lures and bait. This method is used from Mahi mahi and some bottom feeders such as cod.
Longlining
Is a central fishing line that ranges from one and up to 50 miles. The central line is strung together in spaced
intervals with smaller lines that are baited. The fisherman leaves the line alone for awhile and will come back to
check. This is the method used in the Perfect Storm movie. Swordfish and tuna are popular fish caught by this method.
Purse Seigning
Is a large wall of netting that encircles a school of fish. The fisherman will pull the bottom of the netting
herding the fish to the center. This acts like a draw string. They will then haul the net aboard or along side
of the boat to get the fish. This is used for squid also known in today's world as calamari.
Traps/Pots
These are submerged cages made of wood or wire that attract fish that are held until fisherman return.
They are usually sitting on the sea bottom by themselves are in a row. A rope or line runs from the trap to the
surface to a floating device. One of the species that are caught this way is Pacific Rockfish.
Trawling
A cone shaped net that is towed behind a vessel. The depth of the net ranges from just below the
surface all the way down to the sea bottom. The fisherman has the ability to add chains to the mouth of the net
to catch fish like shrimp off the sea floor. Common fish caught by this method is flounder.
FARMING METHODS
Open Net Pens/Cages
These are pens or nets that are place in fresh water lakes or offshore areas that are secured to the bottom of the
earth's floor. Open net pens are mostly used from Salmon.
Ponds
Ponds enclose fish in a coastal or inland body of fresh or salt water. Wastewater can be contained and
treated. Shrimp is used by this method.
Raceways
Water is diverted from an existing waterway like a stream so that it flows through channels containing fish. The water is treated before re-entering the natural waterway. This is common practice for Rainbow trout.
Recirculating Systems
Recirculation systems enclose fish in tanks. The water is treated and recirculated through
the system. This is very common during the earlier stages of salmon.
Shellfish Culture
Shellfish are farmed by suspending them in water by ropes, plastic trays and mesh bags.
They usually are filter feeders such as mussels that use this technique.
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